The 11" rear drums won't bolt on to an axle that came with the 10" drums. The bolt flange on the end of the axle tubes is different. You need the whole rear axle assembly to make that swap.
Or modify/replace the existing flanges. It may be that the flanges can have some material welded to them and be re-drilled to suit the 11.x backing plates, or the flanges can be cut off the axle tube and replaced entirely.
I know that GM installed the 11.x" Duo-Servo brakes on "10-bolt" 8.5" GMT400 rear axles, if the correct option was selected when the truck was built. The 8.5" axle is capable of handling the added stress of the bigger, heavier drum, and increased braking force.
For that matter, I've got a set of 11" Duo-Servo brakes from a mid-'70s Monte Carlo with 8.5" axle that may replace the 9.5" Duo-Servo brakes on the 8.5" axle in the Nova.
However, it's good to know that the axle flanges are different on the GMT400 8.5" axles. The backing plates are not a direct bolt-on. That had not occurred to me. Probably should have, though. It'd have been nice if the 11.x brakes were a direct bolt-on.
In the end...I still support scrapping the 8.5 in favor of a 9.5 axle. Yeah, it's heavier. You'll never notice the difference in the way the vehicle drives, except when you step on the brake pedal.