Infrared thermometer ("temperature gun") aimed at the intake below the thermostat. With a warmed up engine you should get a reading very near the thermostat rating. 195F is the factory piece...and what is strongly recommended unless you have a custom tune that is designed for a colder stat.
I'm sure ambient temp in WV is pretty chilly right now but it should rise up above 100F for sure unless the thermostat is stuck wide open (I did read that you already replaced it) or the fan clutch is stuck engaged. Usually you can tell with reasonable accuracy if the clutch is stuck (or sticky) while the engine is cold and off, you try to spin the fan by hand and it has a lot of resistance.
As a very short-term test that doesn't cost anything you could remove the fan and clutch then re-install the nuts to hold the pulley on, fire it up, and see if it comes up to temp without the fan installed. I wouldn't do this though without the temp gun handy because if your gauge still has problems registering correct temp, you could overheat it and not even know until it's too late.
Richard