The following is based on outdated stereo information from when I was a teenager, so if one of you up-to-date audiophiles wants to chime in, please do.
There's not a lot of reason to run multiple subs. Bass is omni-directional, so it's hard to tell which direction it's coming from. That's why amps usually have an option to run bridged. A single 10" is better than two 8"s, and can use a smaller amp. In my humble opinion, a single 10" sub is about perfect for most stereos. 12"s can get lower, but don't hit as hard and take more room. 8"s just don't have the lower response and can be too punchy, but are easier to fit.
There's not a lot of reason to run multiple subs. Bass is omni-directional, so it's hard to tell which direction it's coming from. That's why amps usually have an option to run bridged. A single 10" is better than two 8"s, and can use a smaller amp. In my humble opinion, a single 10" sub is about perfect for most stereos. 12"s can get lower, but don't hit as hard and take more room. 8"s just don't have the lower response and can be too punchy, but are easier to fit.