I think that chalky look comes from the factory clear coat or anodizing going bad. The best way to eliminate it, is to strip that off and clean the wheel, then repaint the clearcoat.
@kennythewelder has done that on his '97 ecsb, he has a thread on it on here.
But that is time consuming, so the simpler thing would be a good degreaser or wheel cleaner and a scrub brush. Some aluminum wheel cleaners will etch the metal, so you need to read the label and directions closely.
I've had good results with Brasso liquid on chrome bumpers and the brush guard and tailgate on my crew cab, and on the stainless steel trim rings and chromed plastic center caps. But I haven't yet tried it on aluminum wheels (since my Burb is currently in front of my shop building which is not where I live). Brasso liquid doesn't have much grit in it, so it might be worth a try? Not too expensive either.