I hope youre not looking at the factory oil pressure gauge. They are worthless.
Install a cheapo mechanical gauge.
The idea behind using a priming tool on on the pump is not to build oil pressure. Its to drive the pump without the rotating parts moving against each other untill you get oil all the way to the top end so you can build oil pressure.
It can take a long time to pump oil all the way to the top.
I prime them untill i see oil then let it sit and do it again.
Remember, the oil is a "cushion" between moving parts. it keeps them from contacting each other.
As soon as your assembly lube gets pushed out, you are bone dry if nothing is being pumped into replace it.
The rub between say a crank and a main bearing if its goes dry will spike friction temperature in a seconds.
Not minutes, seconds
The rule of thumb, no oil? dont start it.
Its one thing to spin the mass with no oil and not started.
Do that with it running and no oil and the combustion stroke will smoke every bearing in it.
Im also kinda curious, when you say you did a "top end rebuild" what did you do and what caused you to do it?
Are you absolutley sure that your oil pump shaft didnt break? They have a plastic collar that the distributor fits into. Yep, you read that right. The stock ones are plastic. Throw that **** out and get s steel one.
Are you sure that the screen on your oil pump pickup isnt plugged full of sludge?
And, are you sure the damn thing didnt just fall off.
Yep, sometimes they do that too.
They are just tired
Skip some oil changes and tuneups and ignore the entire emissions systems on these and you will end up with some tar and crud that is just about good to pave a road. TBI systems will run for years after you have neglected them. They only give up when they are so plugged full of **** that nothing works anymore.
And that is when everyone gets on here after the parts howitzer has been fired
"Whats wrong with my truck"
Everything, my friend, everything
So. to answer the question about how long you can run it without oil?
About 30 seconds.