From the description it sounds like it is EGR related.
I pulled the vacuum line off of the EGR valve and tested it by hand: block the vacuum port with my thumb and pressed in the diaphragm. The EGR valve held a perfect vacuum seal and the diaphragm did not expand back down until I released my thumb from the vacuum port on the EGR valve. Do you think this rules out it being an EGR issue? The valve seems good unless my testing is flawed…
A "code reader" is a useless waste of time, money, effort, and enthusiasm on OBD1 vehicles.
You need a scan tool, not a code reader.
OK - I will need to rent a scan tool from somewhere then, if possible. I don’t have the ability to invest in such a tool currently. The basic OBD1 code reader did read out a couple codes:
13: Oxygen sensor signal fault - signal too low / open left oxygen sensor circuit (Dual sensor models)
43: Electronic spark timing (EST) circuit - low voltage detected OR Electronic spark control (ESC) - circuit problems.
However, I don’t think either of this are the root cause of my issue.