The only reason tri-Ys are more expensive is that only one company makes them. I would much prefer tri-Ys over 4-into-1s, but the latter are far cheaper.
Somebody's gotta get some dyno time and settle this once and for all. If you watch Engine Masters where they tested this, they didn't put a crossover in the duals, and the difference is what you'd expect from a crossover pipe. I believe a more accurate assessment is that if you go duals, use a crossover. A properly done single exhaust will match a properly done dual exhaust. I'd also like to see the same test done on an engine making over 500 hp.
I have played with numerous setups and my preference is duals with a X-pipe as close to the engine as you can get it. My old G20 van, my Hemi Ram, my 4.7L Dakota, my M56S and my G35 have all been setup that way. The dual with X-pipe has the broadest power curve. If pure low-midrange torque is the goal a merge Y into a single might make a few more units of twist.
My 383 is dual 3" to the muffler. With the cutouts open I gain power above 3,000 rpm. At 382 wheel, I am fairly close to 500 at the crank.
I will also say I went from the Y'd together single back to dual setup (OE Y-pipe was 2.25 in the center) to a 2.5" dual with a X-pipe on the 3.5L engine making ~370 crank hp in my G35. I added equal length merge collector headers and highflow cats. Power was night and day different. I had the same exact configuration on my M56S as well and it woke it up too.
On my VK56DE in my 2012 Titan it was 2-1/8" dual to the muffler. I had previously muffler swapped with a magnaflow. I switched the resonators behind the factory manifold cats out for 2.5" pipes. Then built a dual 2.5 to single 3.5" Y-pipe with a Merge Y. Magnaflow turned down and dump at the rear axle. All that did was make the truck drone like crazy. No real HP or torque gained (gained 3-4 here and there but lost in other places) and zero difference at the track. I sold that Y-pipe setup to a guy that wanted his lifted 4x4 loud.
What I have learned is if you are going to run a single, keep the pipes dual to the muffler. Seems to work best. A Y-pipe up front might add a couple ft/lbs at lower engine speed but the trade off is equal power loss up top.
This is the most equal length setup I have run. This is on my G35, but my M56S was the same minus the rear mufflers. They both had a very exotic like sound. Very even exhaust tone. The X on both was right behind the transmission moubting crossmember.
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