A GM dealer by law, has to confirm you're the owner as the key is a simple key, just with proper cuts. They log-onto GM's Global Vehicle Service and type in the VIN. The key is punched on an expensive tool that has a carbide tip and levers for location and depth.
The lock cylinder has a pair of hall effect sensors and one resistor of unknown value. It is supplied with a regulated 5 volt DC signal. The key passes the "Tamper hall-effect" and produces a voltage drop signal that is measured against memory. If a screwdriver was being used with brute force, it would not be a smooth "Turn" of the key. Basically, part of the voltage drop do not occur during a few hundredths of a second, the light come on, and you're locked out for 10 minutes. This Tamper Mode, making the would-be thief the off.
The successful movement of the key's cylinder, would take the magnet passed the Tamper Hall (Signal one), then to on (Signal two / Security Hall), the after starting, the spring load key cylinder would swing the magnet backwards across both "Hall Effect Sensor's" to create two voltage drops within the proper "Time" to allow the module to electronically agree, this is a proper cylinder operation. Then, it sends a "Fuel Enable" signal to the VCM/PCM.
Certain vehicles, the "Pass-Lock" module can be relearned using the TECH2, but mostly cars, as they used a BCM to communicate. Older used UART, newer used Class2 serial data.
I will try to get some illustrations.